sábado, novembro 22, 2008

Curiosidades: As imagens em espelhos esféricos.

Fonte: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, R. Serway, 5th Edition

C - centro de curvatura, centro da esfera que deu origem ao espelho.
r - raio de curvatura, raio da esfera que deu origem ao espelho.
V - vértice, interseção entre o eixo principal e o espelho.
F - posição do foco principal.
O - posição do objecto.
I - é a posição da imagem projectada.

Eixo principal: é a reta que passa pelo centro de curvatura e sai perpendicular ao vértice do espelho.

Eixo secundário: qualquer reta que passe pelo centro de curvatura, menos a que é definida como eixo principal (passa pelo vértice). Existem infinitos eixos secundários na superfície do espelho.


Imagens Reais - Espelho Côncavo


Fonte: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, R. Serway, 5th Edition



Imagens Imaginárias (ou Virtuais)


Espelho Côncavo



Fonte: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, R. Serway, 5th Edition



Espelho Convexo


Fonte: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, R. Serway, 5th Edition

The Complete Map - E se o Missouri tivesse sido a Florida das eleições de 2000?

O mapa completo das eleições americanas de 2008 (e a distribuição dos votos eleitorais):

Fonte: CNN


E se o Missouri (MO) tivesse sido a Florida das eleições de 2000? Com um voto se perde, com um voto se ganha, é assim em democracia. Mas será mesmo?

Fonte: CNN


Repare-se na diferença de votos: 3,632;
Num universo de 2,887,992 de votos válidos.
Uma diferença de 0.126%.

Se este Estado tivesse sido decisivo, estariamos com um problema idêntico ao de 2000! Como seria o desfecho? Não esquecer que o Misssouri no dia 4 de Novembro elegeu um novo governador democrata (actualmente tem um governador republicano).


Nota: Pela primeira vez um Estado Americano dividiu os seus votos eleitorais na época moderna, o Nebrasca (NE) atribuiu 1 voto a Obama (dos 5 possiveis), onde venceu no distrito (ou círculo) eleitoral de Omaha. Só dois Estados Americanos têm este sistema semi-proporcional: O Nebrasca e o Maine (ME). No Nebrasca, dos 5 votos eleitorais, 2 vão directamente para o vencedor no Estado, sendo os outros 3 divididos pelos 3 distritos eleitorais em que o Estado se encontra dividido, e atribuídos ao vencedor em cada um desses distritos. No Maine, que contribui com 4 votos eleitorais, 2 vão directamente para o vencedor no Estado, sendo os outros 2 divididos pelos 2 distritos eleitorais em que o Estado se encontra dividido, e atribuídos ao vencedor em cada um desses distritos.

sábado, novembro 08, 2008

Nostalgia

Memórias de Infância!
"Childhood Memories!"


Calimero


Estrunfes


A volta ao mundo em 80 dias (com Willy Fog)


Dom Quixote "de la Mancha"



Simbad


As Aventuras do Bocas


Tom Sawyer


As Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn


Puchi, O Esquilo


Tao-Tao

Fonte: YouTube

O pequeno panda tao-tao e os amigos, a quem a mãe panda contava uma história em cada episódio.


Fabulas da Floresta Verde



Bel e Sebastião

quarta-feira, novembro 05, 2008

Os Discursos

"The elected President of the United States of America - victory discurse"


"McCain concedes defeat"

Fonte: CNN

As Cores de Um País

Fonte: CNN

2008

2004

2000

1996

1992

1988

1984

1980

1976

1972

1968

1964

1960

1956

1952

1948

1944

1940

1936

1932

1928

1924

1920

1916

1912

Fontes: 270towin.com; The White House; CNN.




UNITED STATES CODE
The following provisions of law governing Presidential Elections are contained in Chapter 1 of Title 3, United States Code (62 Stat. 672, as amended): TITLE 3 THE PRESIDENT Chapter 1. Presidential Elections and Vacancies Time of appointing electors § 1. The electors of President and Vice President shall be appointed, in each State, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in every fourth year succeeding every election of a President and Vice President. Failure to make choice on prescribed day § 2. Whenever any State has held an election for the purpose of choosing electors, and has failed to make a choice on the day prescribed by law, the electors may be appointed on a subsequent day in such a manner as the legislature of such State may direct. Number of electors § 3. The number of electors shall be equal to the number of Senators and Representatives to which the several States are by law entitled at the time when the President and Vice President to be chosen come into office; except, that where no apportionment of Representatives has been made after any enumeration, at the time of choosing electors, the number of electors shall be according to the then existing apportionment of Senators and Representatives. Vacancies in electoral college § 4. Each State may, by law, provide for the filling of any vacancies which may occur in its college of electors when such college meets to give its electoral vote. Determination of controversy as to appointment of electors § 5. If any State shall have provided, by laws enacted prior to the day fixed for the appointment of the electors, for its final determination of any controversy or contest concerning the appointment of all or any of the electors of such State, by judicial or other methods or procedures, and such determination shall have been made at least six days before the time fixed for the meeting of the electors, such determination made pursuant to such law so existing on said day, and made at least six days prior to said time of meeting of the electors, shall be conclusive, and shall govern in the counting of the electoral votes as provided in the Constitution, and as hereinafter regulated, so far as the ascertainment of the electors appointed by such State is concerned. Credentials of electors; transmission to archivist of the united states and to congress; public inspection § 6. It shall be the duty of the executive of each State, as soon as practicable after the conclusion of the appointment of the electors in such State by the final ascertainment, under and in pursuance of the laws of such State providing for such ascertainment, to communicate by registered mail under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United States a certificate of such ascertainment of the electors appointed, setting forth the names of such electors and the canvass or other ascertainment under the laws of such State of the number of votes given or cast for each person for whose appointment any and all votes have been given or cast; and it shall also thereupon be the duty of the executive of each State to deliver to the electors of such State, on or before the day on which they are required by section 7 of this title to meet, six duplicate-originals of the same certificate under the seal of the State; and if there shall have been any final determination in a State in the manner provided for by law of a controversy or contest concerning the appointment of all or any of the electors of such State, it shall be the duty of the executive of such State, as soon as practicable after such determination, to communicate under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United States a certificate of such determination in form and manner as the same shall have been made; and the certificate or certificates so received by the Archivist of the United States shall be preserved by him for one year and shall be a part of the public records of his office and shall be open to public inspection; and the Archivist of the United States at the first meeting of Congress thereafter shall transmit to the two Houses of Congress copies in full of each and every such certificate so received at the National Archives and Records Administration. Meeting and vote of electors § 7. The electors of President and Vice President of each State shall meet and give their votes on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next following their appointment at such place in each State as the legislature of such State shall direct. Manner of voting § 8. The electors shall vote for President and Vice President, respectively, in the manner directed by the Constitution. Certificates of votes for president and vice president § 9. The electors shall make and sign six certificates of all the votes given by them, each of which certificates shall contain two distinct lists, one of the votes for President and the other of the votes for Vice President, and shall annex to each of the certificates one of the lists of the electors which shall have been furnished to them by direction of the executive of the State. Sealing and endorsing certificates § 10. The electors shall seal up the certificates so made by them, and certify upon each that the lists of all the votes of such State given for President, and of all the votes given for Vice President, are contained therein. Disposition of certificates § 11. The electors shall dispose of the certificates so made by them and the lists attached thereto in the following manner: First. They shall forthwith forward by registered mail one of the same to the President of the Senate at the seat of government. Second. Two of the same shall be delivered to the secretary of state of the State, one of which shall be held subject to the order of the President of the Senate, the other to be preserved by him for one year and shall be a part of the public records of his office and shall be open to public inspection. Third. On the day thereafter they shall forward by registered mail two of such certificates and lists to the Archivist of the United States at the seat of government, one of which shall be held subject to the order of the President of the Senate. The other shall be preserved by the Archivist of the United States for one year and shall be a part of the public records of his office and shall be open to public inspection. Fourth. They shall forthwith cause the other of the certificates and lists to be delivered to the judge of the district in which the electors shall have assembled. (…)

segunda-feira, novembro 03, 2008

Curiosidades

Qualquer número inteiro maior do que 1, ou é um número primo ou pode ser expresso únicamente como o produto de factores primos (produto de números primos).
Exemplos:
15 = (3)x(5);
71 = (1)x(71);
38 = (2)x(19);
100 = (2)x(2)x(5)x(5);
242 = (2)x(11)x(11);
12348 = (2)x(2)x(3)x(3)x(7)x(7)x(7);
201894 = (23)x(19)x(11)x(7)x(3)x(2)

Número primo: é um número inteiro positivo que tem exactamente dois divisores - o número 1 e esse próprio número.
Exemplos: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, ...

Science

The Story of O2
How did biological, geochemical, and geophysical processes produce an atmosphere that allowed complex animal life to evolve?
- Paul G. Falkowski and Yukio Isozaki, Science, 24 October 2008, 540

Paradoxo

"...while rich states have tilted toward the Democratic Party, rich voters still tend to favor the Republicans,..."
- Terry Nichols Clark and Christopher Graziul, Science 31 October 2008, 676

Reflexão

"Se antes era preciso estudar as causas dos maus resultados em Matemática, agora é urgente estudar as causas do milagre"
António Barreto, Publico, 02-11-2008.

Reflexão

"Há com certeza aspectos jurídicos que podem ser regulados entre a relação de duas pessoas do mesmo sexo, desde que não se lhe chame casamento. Chame-se-lhe qualquer outra coisa, arranje-se um nome. Agora, com o baptismo de casamento...comigo não, com certeza."
- Manuela Ferreira Leite, "Diário de Notícias", 02-11-2008

domingo, novembro 02, 2008

Nostalgia

Memórias de Infância!
"Childhood Memories!"




David, o gnomo
David, el gnomo



Fonte: YouTube

Nostalgia

Memórias de Infância!
"Childhood Memories!"


Dartacão e os Três Moscãoteiros
D'Artacan y los Tres Mosqueperros





Eram uma vez os três
Os famosos moscãoteiros
Do pequeno Dartacão
Tão bons companheiros


Os melhores amigos são
Os três moscãoteiros
Quando em aventuras vão
São sempre os primeiros


Quando eles vão combater
Já não há rival algum
O seu lema é um por todos
E todos por um


O amor de Julieta
É o Dartacão
E ela é a predilecta
Do seu coração


Dartacão, Dartacão
Correndo grandes perigos
Dartacão, Dartacão
Perseguem os bandidos
Dartacão, Dartacão
E os três moscãoteiros longe
Vão chegar


Dartacão, Dartacão
És tu e os teus amigos
Dartacão, Dartacão
Em jogos divertidos
Dartacão, Dartacão
Vocês são moscãoteiros
A lutar




Fonte: Youtube

Nostalgia

Memórias de Infância!
"Childhood Memories!"


Era Uma Vez... A Vida
ou
Era Uma Vez... O corpo Humano




Fonte: YouTube

Nostalgia

Memórias de Infância!
"Childhood Memories!"



As Misteriosas Cidades de Ouro / Les Mystérieuses Cités d'Or


Esteban, Zia, Tao e Pitchu



« Le XVIème siècle...
...DES QUATRE COINS DE L'EUROPE, DE GIGANTESQUES VOILIERS PARTENT À LA CONQUÊTE DU NOUVEAU MONDE. À BORD DE CES NAVIRES DES HOMMES AVIDES DE RÊVE, D'AVENTURE ET D'ESPACE, À LA RECHERCHE DE FORTUNE.

QUI N'A JAMAIS RÊVÉ DE CES MONDES SOUTERRAINS ? DE CES MERS LOINTAINES PEUPLÉES DE LÉGENDES ?

OU D'UNE RICHESSE SOUDAINE QUI SE CONQUERRAIT AU DÉTOUR D'UN CHEMIN DE LA CORDILLIÈRE DES ANDES ?

QUI N'A JAMAIS SOUHAITÉ VOIR LE SOLEIL SOUVERAIN GUIDER SES PAS, AU COEUR DU PAYS INCA, VERS LA RICHESSE ET L'HISTOIRE DES MYSTÉRIEUSES CITÉS D'OR ? »






1º Episódio






Fonte: YouTube